![]() ![]() All of these systems deploy a number of backup systems including a conventional mechanical steering linkage to protect the steering system against faults. However, Infiniti Cars Australia has recalled its entire fleet of Q50 sedans to execute a fix for the revolutionary SbW system Robson (2016). SbW technology is successfully commercialised in a number of vehicles such as Nissan’s Infiniti Q50, General Motors’ Hy-wire, Danfoss’s OEMs, Delphi Corp.’s Quadra-steer car and Lecomble & Schmitt’s electro-hydraulic steering system. So far, Mercedes-Benz (Sensotronic) and Toyota (Electronically Controlled Brake) have already used almost fully brake-by-wire systems on the Mercedes-Benz E-class and SL models and on Toyota’s Estima. Brake-by-wire systems have not been widely commercialised yet. Throttle-by-wire systems have already been widely accepted in conventional vehicles. The three basic x-by-wire systems developed in the context of the automotive industry are throttle-by-wire, brake-by-wire and steer-by-wire Touloupis, Flint, and Ward (2003). The information from sensors or actuators is transferred electronically through wires to the electronic control unit (ECU), which transfers the electrical effect into mechanical motion Altby and Majdandzic (2014). In such systems, most of the mechanical control is replaced by electrical wires. Integration of computers and electronics into modern cars, has led to an increased interest in the development of full authority drive-by-wire systems. In addition, a comparison of different approaches is briefly carried out to provide an overall picture of historical, current, and future developments in this fault tolerant control for SbW systems.ĭuring the last two decades, advances in electronics have revolutionised many aspects of automotive engineering. The existing approaches to fault tolerant control are considered and classified according to different criteria, such as design methodologies and applications. ![]() In this paper, an overview of fault diagnosis approaches with various forms of redundancy for SbW is presented. There are many studies reported in the literature on fault detection and isolation (FDI), but fault diagnosis and fault tolerance in SbW systems has not received extensive attention. Among many issues that should be resolved before the commercialisation of SbW systems, maintaining reliability and fault-tolerance in such systems are two of the most pressing issues. A SbW system comprises of electronic control units, steering assist motors, and sensors that can potentially replace mechanical steering column linkages in a car. Steer-by-Wire (SbW) is considered to be the most significant innovation among X-by-Wire technologies that will revolutionise the automotive industry. ![]()
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